Oktoobar 15, iskaashiga Cochrane (Cochrane Collaboration, ka dib loo tixraaco Cochrane), oo ah urur tacliimeed caalami ah oo awood u leh daawada caddaynta, ayaa ku tilmaantay dulmarkii ugu dambeeyay ee cilmi baarista in 50 majors lagu qabtay in ka badan 10,000 sigaar cabba dadka waaweyn ee adduunka oo dhan. waxay caddeeyeen in sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu leeyahay saameynta joojinta sigaarka, iyo saameynta daaweynta beddelka nikotiinta ee joogtada ah iyo habab kale.
Cochrane wuxuu qeexayaa in saameynta isticmaalka nikotiinta e-sigaarka ah si loo joojiyo sigaarka ay ka fiican tahay isticmaalka daaweynta beddelka nikotiinka iyo sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ee ka saaraya nikotiinka.
Professor Peter Hajek, oo ka mid ah qoraaga dib u eegista Cochrane iyo maamulaha Kooxda Cilmi-baarista Ku-tiirsanaanta Tubaakada ee Jaamacadda Queen Mary ee London, ayaa yiri: " Dulmarkan cusub ee sigaarka elektaroonigga ah wuxuu muujinayaa in sigaar cabayaal badan, sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu yahay qalab waxtar leh joojinta sigaarka.Waxa kale oo muhiim ah in la ogaado, ilaa laba sano, midkoodna daraasaddan lagama helin wax caddayn ah in isticmaalka sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu waxyeello u geystay dadka."
Marka la barbar dhigo daawaynta kale, sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ee nicotine-ku waxay leeyihiin heerar sare oo joojinta sigaarka.
Waxaa la aasaasay 1993, Cochrane waa urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo lagu magacaabo xusuusta Archiebald L. Cochrane, aasaasaha daawada caddaynta ku salaysan.Sidoo kale waa ururka tacliin caafimaad ee ku salaysan caddaynta ugu awoodda badan adduunka.Ilaa hadda, waxay haysataa in ka badan 37,000 oo mutadawiciin ah in ka badan 170 waddan.Mid.
Waxa loogu yeero daawada caddaynta ku salaysan, taas oo ah, daawada ku salaysan caddayn joogta ah, way ka duwan tahay daawada dhaqameed ee ku salaysan daawada empirical.Go'aannada caafimaad ee muhiimka ah waa in lagu saleeyaa caddaynta cilmi-baarista sayniska ee ugu wanaagsan.Sidaa darteed, cilmi-baarista dawooyinka caddaynta ku salaysan waxay xitaa samayn doontaa muunad weyn oo tijaabo caafimaad ah oo la kontaroolay, dib u eegis nidaamsan, falanqaynta-meta, ka dibna kala qaybin heerka caddaynta la helay iyadoo loo eegayo heerarka, taas oo ah mid aad u adag.
Daraasaddan, Cochrane waxay heshay 50 daraasadood oo laga sameeyay 13 waddan oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, oo ay ku jiraan 12,430 sigaar cabayaal qaangaar ah.Waxaa la muujiyay in isticmaalka daawaynta beddelka nicotine-ka (sida balastarrada nikotiinta, xanjada nikotiinta) ama darajooyinka sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ee ka saaraya nikotiinka, dad badan ayaa isticmaala sigaarka elektaroonigga ah si ay u joojiyaan sigaarka ugu yaraan lix bilood.
Reuters ayaa soo warisay natiijooyinka cilmi baarista dhamaystiran ee Cochrane: "Dib u eegis lagu helay: ku taxan xanjo ama balastar, sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ayaa aad waxtar ugu leh joojinta sigaarka."
Si gaar ah xogta, oo loo xisaabiyey erayo dhammaystiran, 100kii qofba 10 ka mid ah ee joojiya sigaarka iyagoo isticmaalaya sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ee nikotiinta ayaa laga yaabaa inay si guul leh u joojiyaan sigaarka;100kii qofba ee joojiya isticmaalka daaweynta beddelka nikotiinta ama sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ee ka saaraya nikotiinka, kaliya 6 qof ayaa si guul leh iskaga dayn kara Joojinta sigaarka, marka la barbar dhigo daawaynta kale, sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ee nicotine-ka ayaa leh heerar sare oo ah joojinta.
Maqaalkan, mid ka mid ah qorayaasha dulmarka, Professor Caitlin Notley, oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda East Anglia ee Dugsiga Caafimaadka ee Norwich ee UK, ayaa yiri: "Mid ka mid ah xeeladaha ugu waxtarka badan uguna badan ee loo isticmaalo si loogu caawiyo dadka joojinta sigaarka waa in la baabi'iyo sigaarka. damac la xidhiidha.Sigaarka elektaroonigga ah iyo cirridka nikotiinka iyo dhejiska Wakiilku wuu ka duwan yahay.Waxay la mid tahay waayo-aragnimada sigaarka waxayna siin kartaa dadka sigaarka cabba nikotiinka, laakiin ma soo bandhigto isticmaalayaasha iyo kuwa kale qiiqa tubaakada dhaqameed.
Oggolaanshaha sayniska ee sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ayaa ah in inkasta oo sigaarka elektaroonigga ahi aanu gebi ahaanba khatar ahayn, haddana ay aad uga dhib yar yihiin sigaarka."Kooxda Qabatinka Tubaakada ee Cochrane" waxay sheegeen in "caddeymaha jira ay muujinayaan in sigaarka elektaroonigga ah iyo beddelka nikotiinta kale ay kordhiyaan fursadaha joojinta sigaarka."Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ayaa yidhi.Iyadu sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee cilmi-baaristii ugu dambeysay.
Daraasado dhowr ah ayaa xaqiijinaya: 1.3 milyan oo qof oo UK ku nool ayaa si guul leh uga joojiyay sigaarka elektaroonigga ah
Dhab ahaantii, marka lagu daro Cochrane, ururo badan oo tacliin caafimaad oo awood leh oo adduunka ah ayaa loo beddelay cinwaanka ku habboon ee "joojinta sigaarka sigaarka si ka wanaagsan" heerar kala duwan.
Cilmi-baadhayaal ka socda Jaamacadda New York ee dalka Maraykanka ayaa ogaaday in marka la barbar dhigo dadka isticmaala ee aan waligood isticmaalin sigaarka elektaroonigga ah, isticmaalka maalinlaha ah ee sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu caawin karo dadka sigaarka cabba muddada gaaban.
Horraantii sannadkii hore, cilmi-baadhis madax-bannaan oo ay samaysay University College London (Jaamacadda London) waxay tilmaantay in sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu ka caawiyo 50,000 ilaa 70,000 sigaarka isticmaala UK si ay u joojiyaan sigaarka sannad kasta.Warbixintii ugu dambeysay ee ka soo baxday Waaxda Caafimaadka Dadweynaha ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ayaa sidoo kale muujineysa in ugu yaraan 1.3 milyan oo qof ay gabi ahaanba joojiyeen sigaarka sababtoo ah sigaarka elektaroonigga ah.
Natiijooyinka cilmi-baarista ee ay daabacday Jaamacadda College London oo ku taal joornaalka cilmi-baarista caalamiga ah ee Addiction ayaa tilmaamay in sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu ka caawiyay ugu yaraan 50,000 sigaar cabayaal British ah inay si guul leh u joojiyaan sigaarka sannadkii.
Marka laga hadlayo walaaca ay dadweynuhu ka qabaan khataraha sigaarka elektaroonigga ah, John Britton, oo ah borofisar Emeritus ee daawaynta neefsiga ee Jaamacadda Nottingham, UK, ayaa yidhi: “Saamaynta muddada dheer ee badbaadada sigaarka elektaroonigga ah waxay u baahan tahay xaqiijin muddo dheer ah, laakiin Dhammaan caddaymaha hadda waxay muujinayaan in waxyeello kasta oo muddada-dheer ah ee sigaarka elektaroonigga ah ay aad uga yar tahay sigaarka."
Ka hor iyo ka dib laba sano oo dabagal ah, lama helin wax caddayn ah in sigaarka elektaroonigga ah uu waxyeelo u geystay jidhka bini'aadamka.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-14-2021